Vitamin D is crucial for bone health, immune function, and mood regulation. Women, especially those who live in regions with limited sunlight exposure or who have darker skin, may be at higher risk of vitamin D deficiency.
Calcium is vital for maintaining strong bones and teeth, as well as supporting muscle and nerve function. Women have a higher risk of osteoporosis than men, making adequate calcium intake particularly important.
Folate is essential for DNA synthesis, cell growth, and tissue repair. Adequate folate intake is particularly important for women of childbearing age, as it can help prevent neural tube defects in babies during early pregnancy.
Iron is necessary for the production of hemoglobin, the protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen throughout the body. Women are at higher risk of iron deficiency, especially during menstruation, pregnancy, and breastfeeding.
Vitamin B12 is essential for nerve function, red blood cell formation, and DNA synthesis. Since vitamin B12 is primarily found in animal products, women who follow vegetarian or vegan diets may be at risk of deficiency and may need to supplement or consume fortified foods.